House of Lords Appointments Commission
The House of Lords Appointments Commission (HOLAC) is an independent advisory non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom with oversight of some aspects of the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It has two roles to recommend at least two people a year for appointment as non-party-political life peers who sit on the crossbenches, and to vet for propriety most other nominations for membership of the House of Lords, including those nominated by the UK political parties, nominations put forward by the Prime Minister for ministerial appointment in the House of Lords, for public service, and nominations in the honours lists (including resignation and dissolution honours lists).
The commission does not vet for propriety the appointments of Lords Spiritual (Church of England bishops), or the excepted hereditary peers who sit in the House of Lords by virtue of the House of Lords Act 1999.
The commission was established in May 2000 to assist the transitional arrangements for reform of the House of Lords. The role of the prime minister in making non-partisan recommendations to the monarch for creation of life peerages was partially[1] transferred to the commission, in order to ensure greater transparency in the process. It was also given oversight of all other appointments to the Lords, including partisan nominations.
Members
[edit]The Commission has non-partisan members as well as representatives from the House of Lords of the three largest political parties:[2]
- Chair: The Baroness Deech DBE (Chair since November 2023)[3]
- Non-party political members:
- The Lord Chartres GCVO PC (member since June 2019)[4]
- Dame Fionnuala Jay-O'Boyle DBE (member since June 2019)[4]
- Sir Hugh Robertson KCMG DL (member since December 2023)[5]
- Wayne Reynolds (member since December 2023)[5]
- Members nominated by the three major parties:
- Conservatives: The Baroness Noakes DBE
- Labour: The Baroness Taylor of Bolton PC (member since September 2022)[6]
- Liberal Democrats: The Baroness Parminter
"People's peers"
[edit]The Commission makes recommendations for the appointment of non-partisan life peers. It has established for itself seven criteria upon which to base its decisions, seeking to recommend people with
- a record of significant achievement within their chosen way of life;
- the ability to make an effective and significant contribution to the work of the House of Lords;
- the time available to ensure they can make a contribution;
- some understanding of the constitutional framework, including the place of the House of Lords;
- integrity and independence;
- a commitment to the highest standards of public life; and
- independence from any political party.[7]
The Commission has made recommendations for appointment on 16 occasions since its establishment in 2000, with a total of 67 people being recommended for peerages. All of these individuals went on to be nominated as and created life peers. Upon taking their seats, every one of them joined the crossbenches.
The fact that the type of people considered by the Commission for peers were to be neither aristocratic nor members of the "political class" led some in the British media to describe those it was to appoint as "people's peers".[8] This term has never been a formal classification.
The purpose of the reform was to make the process more open and those making appointments more accountable. Upon the establishment of the Commission, the Prime Minister Tony Blair said it would ensure a House of Lords that was "more representative of our diverse society"; suitable candidates would be sought "in a wider field than up to now".[8]
Following the first set of appointments in April 2001, it was, however, pointed out that those chosen included several knights as well as leading academics and scientists, having much the same establishment background that would have been made peers anyway. The Labour MP Diane Abbott described them as "the metropolitan elite".
Appointments
[edit]The people recommended for appointment as life peers by the Commission since its establishment are listed below, by date of recommendation.[9][10][11][12][13]
26 April 2001
[edit]- Victor Adebowale CBE
- Richard Best OBE
- Amir Bhatia OBE
- Sir John Browne
- Michael Chan MBE
- Sir Paul Condon QPM
- Ilora Finlay
- Susan Greenfield CBE
- Sir David Hannay GCMG CH
- Valerie Howarth
- Lady Howe of Aberavon CBE
- Sir Robert May AC
- Sir Claus Moser KCB CBE
- Sir Herman Ouseley
- Sir Stewart Sutherland
1 May 2004
[edit]- Sir Alec Broers
- Nicola Chapman
- Sir Ewen Cameron
- Frances D'Souza CMG
- Elaine Murphy
- Lola Young OBE
- Diljit Rana MBE
22 March 2005
[edit]22 July 2005
[edit]3 May 2006
[edit]- Colin Low CBE
- Sir David Rowe-Beddoe
- Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss GBE
- Sir Geoffrey Dear QPM
- Kamlesh Patel OBE
- Karan Bilimoria CBE
- Molly Meacher
15 February 2007
[edit]18 October 2007
[edit]18 April 2008
[edit]29 September 2008
[edit]13 July 2009
[edit]5 February 2010
[edit]5 October 2010
[edit]5 September 2011
[edit]17 May 2012
[edit]27 February 2013
[edit]13 October 2015
[edit]8 June 2018
[edit]24 February 2021
[edit]17 May 2022
[edit]7 May 2024
[edit]Objections to prime ministers' nominations
[edit]In March 2006, the Commission objected to several men proposed for working peerages by Prime Minister Tony Blair, who had loaned large amounts of money to Blair's Labour Party. This led to the "Cash-for-Honours scandal."
In 2020, the Commission objected to the nomination of Peter Cruddas for a peerage by Prime Minister Boris Johnson. Cruddas had donated over £1,000,000 to Johnson's Conservative Party. Johnson nonetheless decided that the appointment should proceed, becoming the first ever prime minister to overrule an advice of the Commission.[14]
It was reported in 2023 that eight nominations for life peerages in Boris Johnson's resignation honours were blocked by the commission.[15]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4205909.stm; e.g. Gus O'Donnell was created a crossbench peer by PM Cameron without involvement of the commission.
- ^ "Chairman and Members of the Appointments Commission". House of Lords Appointments Commission. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ "Appointment of Baroness Deech as Chair of the House of Lords Appointments Commission". London: House of Lords Appointments Commission. 26 October 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Prime Minister appoints new Independent Members to the House of Lords Appointments Commission". GOV.UK. 31 May 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ a b "Two new independent Members appointed to the House of Lords Appointments Commission" (PDF). House of Lords Appointments Commission. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "Labour Party Political Member appointed to the House of Lords Appointments Commission". GOV.UK. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Criteria Guiding the Assessment of Nominations for Non-Party Political Life Peers". HOLAC. 2001. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
- ^ a b "'People's peers' under scrutiny". BBC. 25 April 2002. Retrieved 19 November 2006.
- ^ "HOLAC Appointments". House of Lords Appointments Commission. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
- ^ "Archived copy". www.brickcourt.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Two new non-party-political peers" (PDF). House of Lords Appointments Commission. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Two new non-party-political peers" (PDF). House of Lords Appointments Commission. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ "Two new non-party-political peers – House of Lords Appointments Commission" (PDF). www.ordsappointments.independent.gov.uk.
- ^ "Peter Cruddas: PM overrules watchdog with Tory donor peerage". BBC News. 22 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ Hymas, Charles; Riley-Smith, Ben (11 June 2023). "Eight of Boris Johnson's picks for peerages blocked by Lords commission". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
